[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":47},["ShallowReactive",2],{"episode-laboratories-of-democracy":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"subtitle":7,"pubdate":8,"tags":13,"thumb":17,"excerpt":23,"content":24,"transcript":19,"transcript_file":19,"audio":25,"resources":29,"segments":46},282,"laboratories-of-democracy","Laboratories of Democracy","The State of the States",{"utc":9,"short":10,"medium":11,"long":12},1235701747,"02.27.09","Feb 27, 2009","February 27, 2009",[14,15,16],"federalism","political theory","state government",{"src":18,"caption":19,"derivatives":20},"https:\u002F\u002Fs3.amazonaws.com\u002Fcdn.backstoryradio.org\u002Fimages\u002Flaboratories-of-democracy\u002FLaboratoriesofDemocracy.jpg",null,{"square_small":21,"square_medium":22},"https:\u002F\u002Fs3.amazonaws.com\u002Fcdn.backstoryradio.org\u002Fimages\u002Flaboratories-of-democracy\u002Fsquare_small\u002FLaboratoriesofDemocracy.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fs3.amazonaws.com\u002Fcdn.backstoryradio.org\u002Fimages\u002Flaboratories-of-democracy\u002Fsquare_medium\u002FLaboratoriesofDemocracy.jpg","In its early years, the US wasn’t so much “United” as “States.” Power has steadily shifted to the federal government, but states have continued to assert independence on important issues. If we’re all Americans, why do states still matter?","\u003Cp class=\"MsoNormal\">In its early years, the U.S. wasn’t so much “United” as “States.” Over time, the federal government has become more powerful, but states have continued to assert their independence on everything from gun control to medical marijuana. In this hour, we ask: If we’re all Americans, why do states still matter? Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell describes how his state has left the feds in the dust when it comes to climate change policy. Historian Eric Foner discusses the successes and failures of the 14th Amendment, created to protect us \u003Cem>from \u003C\u002Fem>the states. And a long-haul trucker explains why she’d like to do away with states altogether.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"url":26,"duration":27,"formatted_duration":28},"https:\u002F\u002Fs3.amazonaws.com\u002Fcdn.backstoryradio.org\u002Faudio\u002Fepisodes\u002Flaboratories-of-democracy.mp3","3179","00:52:59",[30,34,38,42],{"title":31,"content":32,"files":33},"Highlights","\u003Ch2>Fourteenth Amendment\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Historian \u003Cstrong>Eric Foner\u003C\u002Fstrong> discusses the origins and changing meanings of the Fourteenth Amendment. He explains how a law intended to protect individual rights in the wake of the Civil War ended up emboldening corporate power in the Gilded Age and beyond.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\n",[],{"title":35,"content":36,"files":37},"How Did West Virginia Get its Name?","\u003Cp>Some say it’s the \u003Cem>best \u003C\u002Fem>Virginia, but West Virginia might once have been known as \u003Cem>Westsylvania, \u003C\u002Fem>or as the more grandiloquent \u003Cem>Vandalia\u003C\u002Fem>.  So what happened?  Find out here, with West Virginia native Catherine Moore.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Also explore \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Ftennesseeencyclopedia.net\u002Fentry.php?rec=509\">Franklin\u003C\u002Fa>, other American \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.npr.org\u002Ftemplates\u002Fstory\u002Fstory.php?storyId=125142955\">states-that-could-have-been,\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FList_of_fictional_U.S._states\">fictional American states\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\n",[],{"title":39,"content":40,"files":41},"Federalism Challenge","\u003Cp>Throughout American history, the relationship between the federal government and the states has taken various forms, leading historians \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.cas.umt.edu\u002Fpolsci\u002Ffaculty\u002Fgreene\u002Ffederalismhistory.htm\">to coin\u003C\u002Fa> creative (and culinary) metaphors to describe the different distributions of power. Think you can do better than the examples below? Cook up your own metaphorical descriptor and post it below. (Click \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFederalism#United_States\">here\u003C\u002Fa> for a  Federalism refresher.)\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Some of \u003Cem>BackStory\u003C\u002Fem>‘s favorite metaphors (we’re not making these up…):\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Marble Cake Federalism\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Layer Cake Federalism\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Birthday Cake Federalism\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Fruit Cake Federalism\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Fry-Bread Federalism\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Picket Fence Federalism (not as delicious)\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>How would you describe the relationship between the federal government and the states? Add your suggestion below, and we’ll read our favorite new political metaphors on our next show!\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[],{"title":43,"content":44,"files":45},"Further Reading","\u003Ch5>All Centuries\u003C\u002Fh5>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>One \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fs3.amazonaws.com\u002Fcdn.backstoryradio.org\u002Ffiles\u002Flaboratories-of-democracy\u002Fresources-inline\u002FORB_Independence_and_Union.pdf\">way of thinking\u003C\u002Fa> about the Constitution: a “peace pact” among the states\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Google \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fbooks.google.com\u002Fbooks?id=v6_CLb186D0C&dq=STATES%27+RIGHTS+AND+AMERICAN+FEDERALISM:+A+DOCUMENTARY+HISTORY&source=gbs_navlinks_s\">preview\u003C\u002Fa> of \u003Cem>States’ Rights and American Federalism: A Documentary History\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Federalism as a \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fplato.stanford.edu\u002Fentries\u002Ffederalism\u002F\">philosophy\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ch5>18th Century\u003C\u002Fh5>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Alison LaCroix, author of \u003Cem>Ideological \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fbooks.google.com\u002Fbooks?id=U2KDKkZY7-cC&dq=The+Ideological+Origins+of+American+Federalism&source=gbs_navlinks_s\">Origins\u003C\u002Fa> of American Federalism,\u003C\u002Fem> sees a \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fvoices.washingtonpost.com\u002Fpolitical-bookworm\u002F2010\u002F03\u002Fhow_the_noisy_debate_over_stat.html\">distortion of history\u003C\u002Fa> in the debate over states’ rights\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Thomas Jefferson’s \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.princeton.edu\u002F%7Etjpapers\u002Fkyres\u002Fkyednote.html\">Kentucky Resolutions\u003C\u002Fa> argue for states’ rights\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>NPR \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.npr.org\u002Ftemplates\u002Fstory\u002Fstory.php?storyId=1592249\">story\u003C\u002Fa> on \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.roanetnhistory.org\u002Framseysannals.php?loc=RamseysAnnals&pgid=293\">Franklin\u003C\u002Fa>, and other \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.npr.org\u002Ftemplates\u002Fstory\u002Fstory.php?storyId=125142955\">states-that-never-were\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ch5>19th Century\u003C\u002Fh5>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Historian Eric Foner’s \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ericfoner.com\u002Farticles\u002Findex.html\">articles\u003C\u002Fa> on Reconstruction and beyond\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>The Reconstruction Amendments and their \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.tnr.com\u002Farticle\u002Fpolitics\u002Fconstitutionally-incorrect\">significance\u003C\u002Fa> today\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Primary sources on the 14th Amendment from the \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.loc.gov\u002Frr\u002Fprogram\u002Fbib\u002Fourdocs\u002F14thamendment.html\">Library of Congress\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.law.cornell.edu\u002Fanncon\u002Fhtml\u002Famdt14toc_user.html\">Cornell Law\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>The post-bellum \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fhome.gwu.edu\u002F%7Ejjhawkin\u002FBlackCodes\u002FBlackCodes.htm\">American Black Codes\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Encyclopedia Virginia on the creation of \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.encyclopediavirginia.org\u002FWest_Virginia_Creation_of\">West Virginia\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ch5>20th Century & Beyond\u003C\u002Fh5>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Recent \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmyaccount.nytimes.com\u002Fauth\u002Flogin?URI=\u002F2009\u002F01\u002F30\u002Fus\u002Fpolitics\u002F30federal.html&OQ=_rQ3D5&REFUSE_COOKIE_ERROR=SHOW_ERROR\">article\u003C\u002Fa> about the role of states in the Obama Administration\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Governors Arnold Schwarzenegger and Ed Rendell in a \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fmillercenter.org\u002Fdebates\u002Finfrastructure\">recent debate\u003C\u002Fa> about states and infrastructure at UVA’s Miller Center for Public Affairs\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fonpoint.wbur.org\u002F2010\u002F03\u002F23\u002Fthe-states-rights-challenge\">On Point\u003C\u002Fa>: States rights in the health care debate and beyond\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n",[],[],1790963883204]